肌电生物反馈对痉挛型脑瘫患儿下肢运动功能影响的Meta分析

目的:应用Meta分析评价肌电生物反馈治疗痉挛型脑瘫的作用。方法:检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆及中国生物医学文献数据库、CNKI、维普、万方数据库中2009年1月~2019年6月关于肌电生物反馈治疗痉挛型脑瘫的随机对照试验,利用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:纳入10项随机对照试验,共613个病例;肌电生物反馈可以改善脑瘫患儿踝关节活动度(MD=5.06,95%CI=4.01~6.10,P<0.01),改善粗大运动功能(GMFM D区MD=3.75,95%CI=2.75~4.75,P<0.01;GMFM E区MD=6.04,95%CI=4.82~7.26,P<0.01),改善腓肠肌痉挛程度(MD=5.19,95%CI=-0.52^-0.39,P<0.01)。结论:肌电生物反馈在改善脑瘫患儿下肢运动功能方面具有一定效果,但所纳入研究的方法有局限性,还需更严格的设计和高质量的研究方法进一步证明。     

The role of transforming growth factor-beta in immune suppression and chronic inflammation of squamous cell carcinomas

Despite a decline in the incidence of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) over the past 20 years, their survival rate has remained nearly the same, indicating that treatment options have not improved relative to other cancer types. Immunotherapies have a high potential for a sustained effect in SCC patients, but their response rate is low. Here, we review the suppressive role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) on the antitumor immune response in SCC and present its potential as a therapeutic target in combination with the current range of immunotherapies available for SCC patients. We conclude that SCCs are an optimal cancer type to study the effectiveness of TGFβ inhibition due to the prevalence of dysregulated TGFβ signaling in them.     

Effects of Cassava Juice (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on Renal and Hepatic Function and Motor Impairments in Male Rats

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a plant that contains neurotoxins such as linamarin and lotaustraline. Its long-term consumption is associated with neuronal damage and contributes to the development of motor impairment in humans and rats. We investigated the effects of the consumption of cassava juice on renal and hepatic function and motor impairments in male rats. The rats received the vehicle, non-toxic and toxic doses of cassava juice, or linamarin as a pharmacological control, over 35 consecutive days. The effects were evaluated in an open field test, rotarod, and swim test. The toxic cassava dose and linamarin resulted in motor impairments in the rotarod and swim test from day 7 of treatment. The toxic cassava dose and linamarin increased the parameters that indicate renal and hepatic damage, with the exception of total protein and albumin levels. Behavioral variables that show motor incoordination (i.e., latency to fall in the rotarod) were negatively correlated with biochemical parameters of renal and kidney damage, whereas spin behavior was positively correlated. Our data indicate that chronic oral consumption of cassava juice caused renal and hepatic damage that was correlated with motor coordination impairment in rats, similarly to their principal neurotoxic compound, linamarin.     

HMGB‐1, TLR4, IL‐1R1, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β: novel epilepsy markers?

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare HMGB‐1, TLR4, IL‐1β, IL‐1R1, and TNF‐α levels in patients with mild and severe epilepsy with those in a healthy control group. Methods: Children aged 4–17 years, diagnosed with epilepsy for at least three years and with no progressive neurological disease, metabolic disease or infection, were selected for the study. The severe epilepsy group consisted of 28 children with at least one episode a week despite receiving three or more antiepileptic drugs. The mild epilepsy group consisted of 29 children with no seizures in the previous year, receiving only one antiepileptic drug, while 27 healthy children were selected as the control group. HMGB‐1, TLR4, IL‐1R1, TNF‐α and IL‐1β levels were investigated in these three groups. The MRI findings and clinical characteristics of the patients in the epilepsy group were also compared with these markers. Results: HMGB‐1, TLR4, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β levels in the severe epilepsy group were higher than in the control group and the mild epilepsy group (p<0.05), and were higher in the mild epilepsy group than in the control group (p<0.05). IL‐1R1 was also higher in the severe epilepsy group than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this first report to identity a possible correlation between HMGB‐1, TLR4, IL‐1β, IL‐1R1, and TNF‐α levels and severity of epilepsy, our data demonstrates that the serum level of these cytokines is higher in cases of drug‐refractory epilepsy.     

冠状病毒复制分子生物学与防控措施研发进展

目的以新冠肺炎致病菌2019-nCoV,中东呼吸综合征相关冠状病毒MERS-CoV和严重急性呼吸综合征相关冠状病毒SARS-CoV为代表的冠状病毒成为最近重大公共卫生关注焦点。研发更好的防控措施需要更好地认识冠状病毒,尤其是其基因组和复制分子生物学。方法文献综述和基因组序列分析。结果全球14673篇相关文章,美国NCBI有40个冠状病毒全基因组序列,GEO(Gene expression omnibus)有33个冠状病毒相关转录组数据。结论冠状病毒基因组具有独特的性质,复制特点,不少病毒蛋白具有多功能,包括与宿主相互作用,影响宿主蛋白质翻译后修饰如泛素化和去泛素化,调控宿主免疫病理。这些为疫苗、诊断和药物等新防控措施研发提供了基础。     

Validity of various portable devices to measure sit-to-stand velocity and power in older adults

BackgroundMovement velocity and power in a single STS are related to functional performance in older adults. Identifying accessible tools that provide valid measures of STS velocity/power would allow practitioners to evaluate physical function in clinical settings where time, space and finances are limited.Research questionDoes a linear position transducer (LPT), iPhone application (App), and inertial measurement unit (IMU) obtain valid measurements of velocity and power during a single STS compared with 3D motion capture?MethodsTwenty-seven community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years completed a single STS test with mean velocity and power simultaneously measured with 3D motion capture, an LPT, IMU and App. Acceptable validity was established if the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was very high (≥0.7) and bias as a standardised effect size (ES) was small (<0.6). The relationship between STS velocity/power and 30s chair STS performance was also evaluated.ResultsMeasures of STS velocity obtained by the LPT (r = 0.94, ES = −0.21) and App (r = 0.89, ES = −0.19) were very highly valid when compared to 3D motion capture, and were very strongly related to 30s STS performance (r ≥0.74). The LPT (r = 0.87, ES = 0.13) and App (r = 0.74, ES = −0.12) also showed very high correlations and negligible bias for measuring STS power. Data collected by the IMU failed to meet our pre-determined threshold of acceptable validity for STS velocity (r = 0.72, ES = 1.00) or power (r = 0.61, ES = 0.34).SignificanceThe LPT and iPhone App, but not the IMU, are valid tools for measuring STS velocity and power in community-dwelling older adults. Clinicians can use STS velocity obtained by either the LPT or App as a simple and valid proxy for functional status, which could help identify patients at high-risk of incident disability.     

非阻塞性冠状动脉粥样硬化患者血管内皮功能与左室舒张功能的关系

目的 探讨非阻塞性冠状动脉粥样硬化患者血管内皮功能与左室舒张功能的关系。方法 选取2013.6～2015.6宣武医院心脏内科收治的因胸痛疑诊冠心病、经冠脉造影检查证实为非阻塞性冠状动脉粥样硬化症（冠状动脉狭窄＜50%）患者119例，其中男性55例，女性64例，年龄31～85岁，平均年龄60岁。专业培训人员采用标准化问卷调查记录患者临床资料，行超声心动图和肱动脉血流介导内皮依赖性血管舒张功能（FMD）检测，分为FMD正常组（FMD＞10%）和减低组（FMD≤10%）。结果 两组人群基本临床资料无显著性差异（P值均＞0.05）。左室结构指标室间隔厚度、左室后壁厚度、左室舒张末内径、左室质量指数两组间比较无显著性差异（P值均＞0.05）。左室收缩功能指标每搏输出量、心输出量、左室短轴缩短率及射血分数组间比较也无显著性差异（P值均＞0.05）。FMD降低组较FMD正常组E/A比值显著减低（P＜0.001）、E/e’比值显著升高（P=0.006），控制年龄等影响因素，偏相关分析显示FMD与E/A比值存在显著正相关（r=0.261，P=0.005），FMD与E/e’呈显著负相关（r=-0.203，P=0.033）。结论 在非阻塞性冠状动脉粥样硬化人群中，内皮功能与左室舒张功能密切相关，内皮功能不全患者左室舒张功能明显减退。     

糖尿病肾病内热证与肾功能及炎症因子的相关性研究

目的:观察糖尿病肾病不同分期内热证与肾功能及炎症指标的相关性。方法:收集202例糖尿病肾病患者的临床资料,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测微炎症指标,包括超敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,HS-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α),进行统计分析。结果:与非内热证组比较,中期、晚期内热证组24小时尿蛋白定量明显升高;晚期内热证组的血清肌酐明显升高,肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)明显降低;炎症因子CRP、IL-6、TNF-α随疾病进展均呈上升趋势;晚期内热证组与非内热证组比较,IL-6、TNF-α升高;中期HS-CRP与内热积分呈正相关,晚期TNF-α与内热积分呈正相关。结论:内热病机贯穿于糖尿病肾病的始终,与糖尿病肾病肾功能以及疾病进展密切相关;同时,内热积分与炎症因子HS-CRP、TNF-α的表达存在一定的相关性,这种相关性在疾病中期、晚期表现更加明显。